What Military Equipment Has Poland Transferred to Ukraine?

Since February 2022, Poland has consistently avoided disclosing the precise scale of its military aid to Ukraine. Occasionally, some politicians release very general figures. Military equipment sent to Ukraine is also not included in Poland’s annual reports submitted to the UN Register of Conventional Arms or in reports from the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. These reports only contain information on what Polish industry and trading intermediaries have sold to Ukraine for profit. However, many images and videos of former Polish equipment used on the front lines appear on the internet.

Meanwhile, other European countries and the U.S. regularly publish lists of provided military equipment and its value, with varying levels of detail. Some lists specify the type of equipment and its exact or approximate quantity. Others include only the type of equipment or ammunition, without specifying quantities of any kind, especially when reporting the provision of ammunition and explosives. For critical reasons, some types of equipment are only listed by general category without going into classified details.

The value of this military assistance is also reported in different ways. The highest possible price estimates are often used, for instance, based on current market prices for similar arms. Sometimes, “creative accounting” is applied, counting both the value of provided equipment and the cost of producing new equipment to replace it. The U.S. leads in such calculations; for example, its aid package at the beginning of this year exceeded $60 billion, which includes aid to Ukraine as well as the cost of replenishing U.S. stocks and various military operations linked to the Russia-Ukraine war. According to the Pentagon, the total value of U.S. assistance since February 2022 is around $61 billion, approximately equal to the latest aid package.

. It’s challenging to assess the actual value of this foreign military assistance, as often, the market value of older equipment like T-72 or Leopard 1 tanks and infantry fighting vehicles is low due to limited demand. These are probably not worth that much, given the fact that potential buyers may be hard to be found.

Poland sent T-72 tanks and BWP-1 infantry fighting vehicles mainly in spring, summer, and autumn of 2022, when Ukraine was most in need. The timing of aid is also significant. Many Western pledges of equipment from months or even years ago have not yet been fulfilled - as the public opinion is well aware of that.

Recently Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski announced, via the social media platform X, that the Polish Ministry of Defence has a prepared list of aid items and expects it to be published soon. This is critical for Poland’s international standing. Some European countries, which have not sent a single tank, plane, or helicopter, enjoy favorable treatment from Ukrainian authorities, while Poland, which has provided hundreds of tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, artillery systems, and dozens of planes and helicopters, is often overlooked or disregarded abroad.

While awaiting a detailed list from the Ministry of Defence, we can speculate about the scale of Poland’s military aid. These estimates may not fully reflect reality and are based only on publicly available information.

Based on the information available in the public sphere, and open sources, it may be assumed that Poland has provided Ukraine with at least:

• around 14 MiG-29 fighter aircraft;
• around 11 Mi-24 attack helicopters;
• 14 Leopard 2A4 main battle tanks;
• around 30 PT-91 Twardy main battle tanks;
• around 280 T-72 main battle tanks;
• 50 Rosomak APCs with Hitfist-30 turret;
• around 400 BWP-1 IFVs;
• Dzik armoured vehicles;
• 54 155 mm Krab self-propelled howitzers;
• around 30 122 mm 2S1 Gvozdika self-propelled howitzers;
• 8 120 mm Rak self-propelled mortars;
• 4 AWD command vehicles for Rak mortars;
• around 70 120 mm mortars.
• 4 82 mm 2B9M Vasilok automatic mortars;
• 4 60 mm LM-60 light mortars;
• around 35 122 mm BM-21 Grad MLRS systems;
• Neva-M SAMs;
• Osa-AK/AKM SAMs;
• Piorun MANPADS;
• ZSU-23-4 Shilka self-propelled AAA systems;
• 57 mm S-60 anti-aircraft guns;
• 23 mm ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft guns;
• RPG-76 Komar anti-tank grenade launchers;
• Grot rifles and other firearms;
• Hand-held Multiple Grenade Launchers;
• Missiles for MiG-29 jets;
• Vega, Newa, Osa, and Piorun SAM systems missiles;
• 122 mm rockets for the BM-21 Grad systems;
• 60 mm, 73 mm, 82 mm, 120 mm, 122 mm, 152 mm, and 155 mm artillery munitions;
• Small arms ammunition;
• Explosives;
• Individual kit for the soldiers, MREs, medical kits;
• Miscellaneous equipment and inventory.

This list is, most probably, not exhaustive. Hence, we await an essential step from the Polish government and the Ministry of Defence to publish a detailed list of military equipment, ammunition, explosives, and other equipment donated to Ukraine.

Defence24.pl has also submitted an inquiry to the Ministry of Defence’s Operations Center for clarification. Once we receive a response, we will update this provisional list of Polish aid.

For maximum transparency, the list below shows military equipment sold commercially to Ukraine that crossed the Polish-Ukrainian border. This data comes from official Polish information submitted to the UN and reports from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Poland sold the following equipment to Ukraine between 2022 and 2023:

• 60 MT-LB APCs;
• 49 Oncilla armored vehicles;
• 19 SCAM SM T63/Dzik II armored vehicles;
• 1 BRDM-2 APC;
• 1 SKOT R-3M APC;
• 1 Curt Spartan armored vehicle;
• 36 155 mm Krab self-propelled howitzers (plus recent 18 in 2024, bringing the total number up to 54);
• 70 122 mm Gvozdika self-propelled howitzers;
• 22 120 mm mortars;
• 89 82 mm mortars;
• 4 122 mm BM-21 Grad MLRS systems;
• 34 Piorun MANPADS;
• 39,280 S-8 unguided rockets.