Geopolitics
Independence Restoration Day in Estonia
On August 20th, Estonia commemorates the Restoration of Independence, marking the day in 1991 when this Baltic nation regained its sovereignty after years of Soviet occupation. This day stands as one of the most significant national holidays in Estonia. For the third consecutive year, this celebration takes place amid the ongoing full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. Tallinn is acutely aware of what the so-called „Russian World” entails, which is why, since February 2022, the Estonian government has been unwavering in its support for Kyiv, while also preparing for a potential offensive from Moscow.
Independence Restoration Day is a holiday that honors the events of August 20, 1991, when the Estonian parliament declared the restoration of the country’s independence, a crucial step in reclaiming sovereignty after decades of Soviet rule.
The Struggle for Freedom
February 24th holds great significance in Estonia’s history. On this day in 1918, Estonia declared its independence, and a Provisional Government was established. During a two-year war for independence, Estonian forces successfully expelled Soviet troops from the newly-formed state. A constitutional assembly was also elected, laying the foundations of statehood for the Estonian nation.
On February 24th, 2022, Tallinn and the entire country marked the 103rd anniversary of independence under the shadow of Russian aggression in Ukraine. The dark memories of the past resurfaced tragically, particularly the brief existence of Estonian statehood that was abruptly ended by the Soviet invasion in June 1940. This had devastating consequences, including Russification, the arrest of Estonia’s military leaders and political activists, mass deportations to Siberia, forced conscription into Russian units, and „labor battalions” in remote garrisons. Many of those deported never returned due to harsh living conditions, forced labor, cold, or brutal treatment by the Russians.
Efforts were also made to eradicate Estonian identity by destroying cultural centers, taking control of the education system, and even desecrating cemeteries, such as the Military Cemetery in Tallinn. Many cities, islands, and military sites became inaccessible to Estonians. Despite the repression, the Estonian nation endured, striving to create a democratic state founded on strong values. These memories remain vivid, passed down through generations, and the upcoming anniversary is a poignant reminder of the importance of freedom.
Thus, February 24th commemorates the declaration of Estonia’s independence in 1918, while August 20th celebrates the restoration of independence in 1991, following the Soviet occupation.
Independence is Priceless
Estonians, both leaders and citizens alike, fully grasp the gravity of their current situation. There have been numerous warnings that after the invasion of Ukraine, the Baltic states could be the next target for the Russian Federation. The Estonian government is tirelessly working to enhance the country’s military capabilities, strengthening ties with NATO member states, including recently joined Finland and Sweden, and increasing defense spending on modern equipment.
The Minister of Defense has instructed the Estonian Defence Investment Centre (RKIK) to initiate tenders for Estonian companies to produce combat ammunition, with a new production line to be established at the Amari military base. Tallinn is also aware that its defense industry relies on communication systems and IT equipment but is determined to expand the entire sector by significantly boosting production. Additionally, the Estonian company Threod is developing its water drone technology. Let’s not forget the purchase of Polish Piorun anti-aircraft missiles.
Ukraine’s counteroffensive has undoubtedly eased tensions in Tallinn. The entire plan to expand Estonia’s military capabilities and defense industry is intended as a signal not only to adversaries but also to allies: when the time comes, we will be ready. The Restoration of Independence anniversary is a moment for reflection and reinforcement of the belief that Estonia is worth fighting for.